Docker超入門：学習環境を箱ごと保存する｜“同じ環境が誰でも動く”を最小コストで実現

# Dockerfile
FROM python:3.12-slim

# OSパッケージ最小限

RUN apt-get update 
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends build-essential curl 
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/\*

# 非rootユーザ（Linuxでの権限問題を避ける）

ARG UID=1000 GID=1000
RUN groupadd -g $GID app && useradd -m -u $UID -g $GID app

WORKDIR /work

# 依存をレイヤ分離するとビルドが速い

COPY requirements.txt /work/requirements.txt
RUN python -m pip install -U pip 
&& pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# プロジェクト本体（最初は空でもOK）

COPY . /work

# 既定コマンド：JupyterLab

EXPOSE 8888
USER app
CMD \["python","-m","jupyter","lab","--ip=0.0.0.0","--port=8888","--no-browser","--NotebookApp.token="]

jupyterlab>=4
numpy>=2
pandas>=2.2
matplotlib>=3.9
scikit-learn>=1.5

# 1) イメージを作る
docker build -t py-lab:latest .

# 2) /work にカレントをマウントし、Jupyterを公開

# Linux/Mac/WSL2

docker run --rm -it -p 8888:8888 -v "$(pwd)":/work py-lab\:latest

# Windows PowerShell

docker run --rm -it -p 8888:8888 -v ${PWD}:/work py-lab\:latest

# ブラウザで [http://localhost:8888](http://localhost:8888) へ

.git
__pycache__
.ipynb_checkpoints
work/
.env
*.csv
*.parquet

jupyterlab
numpy
pandas
matplotlib
scikit-learn

pip install pip-tools
pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt

services:
  lab:
    build: .
    image: py-lab:latest
    container_name: pylab
    ports: ["8888:8888"]
    volumes:
      - .:/work
    user: "${UID:-1000}:${GID:-1000}"
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Tokyo
      - PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

docker compose up --build  # 初回/変更時
docker compose up          # 起動
docker compose down        # 停止

{
  "name": "py-lab",
  "build": { "dockerfile": "Dockerfile" },
  "mounts": ["source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/work,type=bind"],
  "workspaceFolder": "/work",
  "customizations": {
    "vscode": {
      "extensions": [
        "ms-python.python",
        "ms-toolsai.jupyter",
        "ms-python.vscode-pylance"
      ]
    }
  },
  "postCreateCommand": "python -m pip install -U pip"
}

FROM python:3.12-slim AS wheels
WORKDIR /w
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip wheel --no-deps -r requirements.txt -w /wheels

FROM python:3.12-slim
WORKDIR /work
COPY --from=wheels /wheels /wheels
RUN pip install --no-index --find-links=/wheels -r /wheels/../requirements.txt
COPY . /work

# ローカルを /work にマウントしてスクリプト実行
docker run --rm -v "$(pwd)":/work py-lab:latest python scripts/run_etl.py

docker run --rm -v "$(pwd)":/work py-lab:latest pytest -q